Offensive trades

Commentary: On 'On the supposed influence of offensive trades on mortality'.

The science of public health, like other branches of knowledge, may be as much benefited by the removal of errors which stand in the way of its progress as by direct discovery; and it is with this conviction that I send for publication the result of an examination into a portion of the Registrar-General’s very valuable Weekly Returns of Deaths in London. Whilst a number of eminent authors have ...

Commentary: Snow's paper on 'offensive trades'--with the benefit of 150 years of hindsight.

the factories above mentioned, and it lies by the riverside, at an elevation of only two feet above Trinity high-water mark, yet the deaths from cholera in 1854 were only 29 to each 10 000 inhabitants, whilst in London at large they were 45 in 10 000; in the subdistrict of Kennington, 1 part, less densely inhabited, they were 126, and in Clapham 103 in 10 000, the latter being a genteel, thinly...

Offensive alliances in graphs

A set S is an offensive alliance if for every vertex v in its boundary N(S)−S it holds that the majority of vertices in v’s closed neighbourhood are in S. The offensive alliance number is the minimum cardinality of an offensive alliance. In this paper we explore the bounds on the offensive alliance and the strong offensive alliance numbers (where a strict majority is required). In particular, w...

4-homogeneous Latin Trades

Rich Trades, Scarce Capabilities:

In the last decade of the sixteenth century, the Dutch republic underwent a dramatic economic transformation that laid the foundation of the country’s Golden Age. At the heart of this process was the rise of the ‘rich trades’, the network by which Dutch shipping came to dominate the lucrative trade routes to the East Indies, the Americas and the Levant (Israel (1990)). The rise of the ‘rich tra...